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Albert A. Bouwers (1893–1972) was a Dutch optical engineer.〔Ian Ridpath, "Bouwers telescope", ''A Dictionary of Astronomy'', 1997 (first sentence of article )〕 He is known for developing and working with X-Rays and various optical technologies as a high-level researcher at Philips research labs. He is lesser known for patenting in 1941 a catadioptric meniscus telescope design similar to but slightly predating the Maksutov telescope.〔(Evolution of the Maksutov design )〕〔(Reflecting Telescope Optics: Basic design theory and its historical development, By Ray N. Wilson page 150 )〕 ==Biography== Bouwers was born in the town of Dalen in the Netherlands in 1893.〔Reflecting Telescope Optics, by Ray N. Wilson, page 498. (Google Books, pg 498 )〕 He obtained his Ph.D. from Utrecht University in 1924, with a dissertation entitled in Dutch ''Over het meten der intensiteit van Röntgenstralen''〔(Mathematics Genealogy Project "Albert Bouwers" )〕 He was also the director of the Philips Laboratory's X-Ray Department.〔"Tensions within an Industrial Research Laboratory: The Philips Laboratory's X-Ray Department between the Wars", by Kees Boersma, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Boersma Enterprise Soc. 2003; 4: 65-98 (Oxford Journals abstract )〕 Bouwers developed a night vision device for viewing in low light conditions, called the "night eye".〔"The View in the Dark", Time Magazine; Friday, Jun. 21, 1963 (article )〕 The design used a photosensitive layer of cesium and antimony in a cathode-ray tube, to brighten images by over 1,000 times.〔 Unlike active infrared systems, it did not require an infrared flashlight.〔 The design was initially produced by Olde Delft Optical Company in the Netherlands.〔 ==Bouwers meniscus telescope== In August 1940〔''The History of the Telescope'' By Henry C. King, page 360; (google books )〕 Albert Bouwers built a prototype for a design for a wide field concentric meniscus telescope〔 (patented February 1941) similar to, and slightly predating, Russian optician Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov's 1941 Maksutov telescope.〔〔 War time secrecy kept Bouwers and Maksutov from knowing about each other's designs〔(Dmitri Maksutov: The Man and His Telescopes By Eduard Trigubov and Yuri Petrunin )〕 and Bouwers’ design was not published until after World War II.〔(Armstrong, E. B., "Geometrical Optics and the Schmidt Camera", Irish Astronomical Journal, vol. 1(2), p. 48 )〕 Bouwers original design (based on an earlier catadioptric telescope, Bernhard Schmidt's "Schmidt camera")〔 had the spherical mirror and spherical "meniscus corrector shell" all with a common radius of curvature (a concentric or monocentric design). Like the Schmidt camera, the meniscus telescope has the aperture stop coincide with the center of curvature. It also shares the Schmidt's curved image plane. The design has an ultrawide field of view with no spherical aberration but does not correct chromatic aberration and was only suitable as a monochromatic astronomical astrographic camera working at a single wavelength of light.〔Ian Ridpath, "Bouwers telescope", ''A Dictionary of Astronomy'', 1997 (first sentence of article )〕〔 Bouwers came up with a later design that used a cemented doublet to form the meniscus corrector shell to correct chromatic aberration.〔(D. J. Schroeder, "Astronomical Optics", page 202 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Albert Bouwers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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